prae

prae
prae, adv., and prep. with abl. [for prai, kindred with Sanscr. prefix pra-, before; Gr. pro, prin, prosô; cf.: pro, prior, porro, primus].
I.
Adv., before, in front.
A.
Lit. (ante-class.):

abi prae, Sosia, Jam ego sequar,

go before, go in advance, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45:

i prae, sequar,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 144; id. Eun. 5, 2, 69: i tu prae, virgo;

non queo, quod pone me est, servare,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 1:

age, age nunc tu, i prae,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 56.—
B.
Trop., as a particle of comparison, with ut, quam, or quod (also written in one word, praeut and praequam; cf. Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. 503), in comparison with, compared with (ante- and post-class. and colloq.):

parum etiam, praeut futurum est praedicas,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 218; id. Bacch. 4, 9, 5:

immo noster nunc quidem est de verbis, prae ut dudum fuit,

id. Men. 5, 5, 33; 2, 3, 25:

nihil hercle quidem hoc, Prae ut alia dicam,

id. Mil. 1, 1, 20; id. Merc. 2, 4, 2:

ludum dices fuisse, praeut hujus rabies quae dabit,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 9:

satin' parva res est voluptatum in vitā atque in aetate agundā, praequam quod molestum'st?

in comparison with the trouble, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 2:

nihil hoc est, triginta minae, prae quam alios dapsilis sumptus facit,

id. Most. 4, 2, 62 Lorenz ad loc.:

jam minoris omnia facio prae quam quibus modis Me ludificatus est,

id. ib. 5, 2, 25:

sed hoc etiam pulcrum'st praequam sumptus ubi petunt,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 33; id. Merc. prol. 23:

quae etsi longioribus verbis comprehensa est praequam illud Graecum, etc.,

Gell. 16, 1, 3:

immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 38.—
II.
Prep. with abl. (with acc.:

prae cornua, prae litteras,

Petr. 39, 12; 46, 1), before, in front of, in advance of.
A.
Lit.:

cavendum erit, ut (villa) a tergo potius quam prae se flumen habeat,

before it, Col. 1, 5, 4: limina alia prae aliis erant, App. de Mundo, p. 69, 22.—Esp. freq.: prae se ferre, agere, mittere, to bear, carry, drive, or send before one's self:

ille qui stillantem prae se pugionem tulit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 30:

argenti prae se in aerarium tulit quattuordecim milia pondo,

Liv. 28, 38, 5:

prae se ferens Darium puerum,

Suet. Calig. 19:

prae se armentum agens,

Liv. 1, 7, 4:

singulos prae se inermes mittere,

Sall. J. 94, 2: prae manu, and, less freq., prae manibus, at hand, on hand (ante- and postclass.):

patri reddidi omne aurum, quod fuit prae manu,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 9; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 23:

cum prae manu debitor (pecuniam) non haberet,

Dig. 13, 7, 27:

si Caesaris liber prae manibus est, promi jubeas,

Gell. 19, 8, 6:

aes si forte prae manu non fuerit,

App. M. 6, p. 180, 30.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen.: prae se ferre, less freq., prae se gerere, declarare, etc., prop. to carry before one's self. as if to show it; hence, to show, exhibit, manifest, reveal, make known, betray, discover, indicate (freq. and class.), Cic. Agr. 2, 2, 4:

fortasse ceteri tectiores: ego semper me didicisse, prae me tuli,

id. Or. 42, 146:

nec vero cum venit, prae se fert, aut qui sit aut unde veniat,

id. Rep. 2, 3, 6:

scelus et facinus prae se ferens et confitens,

id. Mil. 16, 43:

ceteris prae se fert et ostentat,

id. Att. 2, 23, 3:

beata vita glorianda et praedicanda et prae se ferenda est: nihil est enim aliud quod praedicandum et prae se ferendum sit,

id. Tusc. 5, 17, 50: conjecturam prae se gerere. id. Inv. 2, 9, 30:

animum altum et erectum prae se gerebat, Auct. B. Afr. 10: prae se declarant gaudia vultu,

Cat. 64, 34:

prae se maximam speciem ostentare,

App. Flor. p. 342, 10.—
2.
In partic., in comparisons, in comparison with, compared with (mostly in comparisons which imply a contrast of kind; while praeter refers to a contrast of degree only: dives prae ceteris, in contrast with the others, who are poor: dives praeter ceteros, richer than the other rich ones; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 894).
(α).
With positive adj. (class.; v. infra):

omnia prae meo commodo,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 9: omnium unguentum odor prae tuo nautea est, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 5; id. Men. 1, 2, 67:

Gallis prae magnitudine corporum suorum brevitas nostra contemptui est,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

prae divitiis,

Liv. 3, 26:

videbant omnes prae illo parvi futuros,

Nep. Eum. 10, 4; Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96:

veros illos Atticos prae se paene agrestes putat,

id. Brut. 83, 286:

ab isto prae lucro praedāque nec vectigalium nec posteritatis habitam esse rationem,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 128:

non tu quidem vacuus molestiis, sed prae nobis beatus,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 4:

(stultitia) prae ceteris parit immensas cupiditates,

Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34.—
(β).
So with comp. for quam (ante- and post-class.):

atque me minoris facio prae illo,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 85:

id prae illo, quod honestum nobis est, fit plenius,

Gell. 1, 3, 25; Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 1, 2; Hier. in Psa. 44, 3; Aug. c. Acad. 1, 22.—
3.
In giving the cause, which, as it were, goes before, for, because of, by reason of, on account of (class. only of a hinderance; with an express or implied negation; or with vix, v. Zumpt, § 310): Ulixi cor frixit prae pavore, Liv. Andron. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 92:

prae laetitiā lacrumae praesiliunt mihi,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 13:

prae lassitudine opus est ut lavem,

id. Truc. 2, 3, 7; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 71:

prae gaudio ubi sim nescio,

id. ib. 2, 3, 67:

vivere non quit Prae macie,

Lucr. 4, 1167:

nec loqui prae maerore potuit,

Cic. Planc. 41, 99:

quorum ille nomen prae metu ferre non poterat,

id. Phil. 13, 9, 20:

solem prae jaculorum multitudine non videbitis,

id. Tusc. 1, 42, 101:

prae irā,

Liv. 31, 24 fin.:

vix sibimet ipsi prae nec opinato gaudio credentes,

id. 39, 49.—In composition, prae usually denotes,
a.
Before: praedico, praebibo, praecaveo, etc.; so too, praeceps, headforemost, headlong. —In time: praecanus, gray before one's time.
b.
Enhancing the main idea, qs. in advance of others: praealtus, extremely high: praeclarus, very celebrated; praevalidus, very strong, etc.

Lewis & Short Latin Dictionary, 1879. - Revised, Enlarged, and in Great Part Rewritten. . 2011.

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